Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection
Negative sequence overvoltage protection is used for protection of service main, motor circuits, sensitive loads for conditions such as reverse…
Why are Grounding Transformers Used ?
Grounding transformers are used in utility and industrial distribution systems to ‘create a grounded system’ from an otherwise ungrounded source.…
What happens when Phase and Neutral are reversed ?
There are some regions of the world such as North America, where polarized receptacles are used, while other parts of…
Circuit Breaker Trip Due To Control Circuit Ground Fault
Control circuit for medium and high voltage circuit breakers have protective relay contacts to trip and close circuit breaker. Control…
Ground Plate Electrode Resistance Calculation
Different means of achieving low earth or ground resistance are to drive ground rods, bury wire, copper strip, ground plate…
Estimating Substation Ground Grid Resistance
Constructing substation ground grid is the principal method of achieving low substation to remote ground or earth resistance. Ground grid…
Earth Resistance Calculation for Buried Strip Electrode
Different means of achieving low earth or ground resistance are to drive ground rods, bury wire, copper strip, metallic plate…
Earth Resistance Calculation for Buried Wire Electrode
Different means of achieving low earth or ground resistance are to drive ground rods, bury wire, copper strip, metallic plate…
Telephone Interference Factor
Harmonic voltage and current present in power system can negatively affect the quality of reception of telephone and other communication…
Series Connection of Current Transformer
Series connection of current transformer [CT] is used when accuracy improvement is desired without increasing CT ratio. Series connection of…